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This paper explored the chemical constituents of Boswellia carterii by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data such as infrared radiation(IR), ultra violet(UV), mass spectrometry(MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). Seven diterpenoids were isolated and purified from n-hexane of B. carterii. The isolates were identified as(1S,3E,7E,11R,12R)-11-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-4,8,12-trimethyl-15-oxabicyclo[10.2.1]pentadeca-3,7-dien-5-one(1),(1R,3S,4R,7E,11E)-4,8,12,15,15-pentamethyl-14-oxabicyclo[11.2.1]hexadeca-7,11-dien-4-ol(2), incensole(3),(-)-(R)-nephthenol(4), euphraticanoid F(5), dilospirane B(6), and dictyotin C(7). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new and their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroisms(ECDs). Compounds 6 and 7 were obtained from B. carterii for the first time.
Subject(s)
Molecular Structure , Boswellia/chemistry , Diterpenes/chemistry , Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Opioid drugs are the first line of defense in severe pain but the adverse effects associated with opioids are considered as a serious issue worldwide. Acupuncture/electroacupuncture is a type of Chinese medicine therapy which is an effective analgesic therapy, well documented in animals and human studies. Electroacupuncture stimulation could release endogenous opioid peptides causing analgesia in a variety of pain models. It can be used as an alternative therapy to control the opioid crisis.
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@#【Objective】To unmask the mechanisms underlying the suppression of infant neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.【Methods】Rats were subjected to spared nerve injury(SNI)at postnatal 10 d or 33 d. Mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds as well as spinal interleukin-10(IL-10)and the β-endorphin precursor gene proopiomelanocortin(POMC)mRNA expression were detected 7 d after surgery. The IL-10 or β-endorphin neutralizing antibody was intrathecally injected for 3 d(the 7 th-9 th day after surgery)and mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds were tested 1 h after each injection. Spinal IL-10 mRNA and POMC mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR.【Results】In contrast to adult rats,infant rats subjected to SNI displayed no mechanical allodynia but an increase in spinal cord IL-10 and POMC mRNA expression. Intrathecal administration of the IL-10 antibody and β-endorphin antibody evoked neuropathic painlike behaviors in infant rats. SNI-induced POMC mRNA increase was blocked by the pretreatment with intrathecal the IL-10 antibody,while the increased IL-10 mRNA expression was not affected by the β-endorphin antibody pretreatment.【Conclusions】The suppression of neuropathic pain in infant rats may be mediated by activation of spinal IL-10/β-endorphin pathway.
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors belong to the class B of G protein coupled-receptors and are expressed in pancreas,lungs,GI tract,kidneys,heart and the central nervous system.During episodes of hyperglycemia activation of GLP-1 receptors located on pancreas islet β-cells facilitates insulin release and increases insulin sensitivity to regulate blood sugar.In the central nervous system,activation of GLP-1 receptors produces neuroprotection and analgesia.In this mini-review,we have summarized our recent work:1) identification of microglial GLP-1 receptor/IL-10/ β-endorphin pathway in the spinal cord;2) discovery of the mechanisms of activation of GLP-1 receptors by which analgesic Lamiophlomis rotata and its effective ingredients iridoid glycosides produce antinociception.Our work highlight that spinal microglial GLP-1 receptor might be a human-demonstrated target for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Objective: To study the relationship between plasma levels of Neutrophil gelatinase- associated lipocalin (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), hs-CRP, IL-1β and the severity of coronary stenosis in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients without kidney disease; to explore the ability for NGAL discriminating severe coronary stenosis. Methods: Our research included in 2 groups: STEMI group, n=124 patients admitted in our hospital from 2014-01 to 2017-03 and Control group, n=124 subjects without obvious coronary stenosis. According to SYNTAX score, the patients were divided into another set of 2 groups: High score group, patients with SYNTAX score ≥ 33, n=26 and Low score group, patients with SYNTAX score < 33, n = 98. Relationship between plasma levels of NGAL, MMP-9, hs-CRP, IL-1β and the severity of coronary stenosis were studied by Spearman correlation analysis; the ability for NGAL discriminating severe coronary stenosis was examined by ORC curve; the influencing factors for SYNTAX score were determined by Logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with Control group, STEMI group had increased plasma levels of NGAL, MMP-9, hs-CRP, all P < 0.01,while IL-1β was similar between 2 groups, P=0.272. NGAL was positively related to MMP-9 (r=0.757, P<0.01), SYNTAX score (r=0.616, P<0.01) and IL-1β (r=0.185, P<0.05). Compared with Low score group, High score group showed the higher plasma levels of NGAL, MMP-9, both P<0.01, while the lower LVEF, P<0.01. The area under ROC curve for NGAL discriminating severe coronary stenosis was 0.881 (95% Cl 0.813-0.949, P<0.01) which was greater than MMP-9 [0.799 (95% Cl 0.709-0.890, P<0.01)] and hs-CRP [0.446 (95% Cl 0.306-0.587, P=0.400)]. Multivariate regression analysis presented that plasma NGAL level was independently related to high SYNTAX score [OR=1.115, 95% Cl (1.107-1.123), P<0.01]. Conclusion: STEMI patients had increased plasma levels of NGAL, MMP-9 and hs-CRP; NGAL had better ability for discriminating severe coronary stenosis than MMP-9 and hs-CRP. NGAL as a new biomarker should be helpful for risk stratification in STEMI patients.
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BACKGROUND: Vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF), but it is nagged by bone cement leakage. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical outcome of modified self-making working tube in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for treatment of thoracolumbar OVCF. METHODS: Modified PVP working tube was designed to have a lateral gap at the sleeve tail, which could control the cement diffuse direction though rotating the working tube. Totally 121 thoracolumbar OVCF patients were enrolled, including 49 males and 72 females, aged 62-90 years, and then divided into two groups: 59 patients were treated with modified PVP in test group, and the other 62 patients experienced conventional PVP in control group. In the test group, a lateral gap instead of the conventional gap at the sleeve tail was made to control the direction of bone cement injection by rotating the sleeve. The visual analogue scale scores were compared before and after operation; radiographic examination was performed to detect bone cement leakage at 1 day postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale scores in the two groups (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. There were 3 cases of bone cement leakage in the test group and 10 cases of bone cement leakage in the control group. Modified PVP working tube had significant lower rate of bone cement leakage than traditional PVP(14.9% vs.4.6%,P<0.05).Therefore,the modified PVP working tube is an effective tool to decrease the incidence of bone cement leakage in the treatment of thoracolumbar OVCF.
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Objective: The calibration models were developed in the concentration of alcohol precipitation proee for Artemisiae Annuae Herba (AAH) and Lonicerae Flos (LF) in Reduning Injection (RI) to realize the on-line monitoring of production process. Methods: Based on the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), partial least regression (PLS) models were developed to fast measure the contents of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid in the concentration of the alcohol precipitation proee for AAH and LF. Results: In the quantitative models of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, the coefficient of determination (R2) of cross validation sets were 0.954 5, 0.975 2, and 0.969 1; The root mean square errors of calibration (RMSEC) were 0.213, 0.676, and 0.225; The root mean square errors of cross-validation (RMSECV) were 0.233, 0.692, and 0.258. When the established models were applied to on-line monitoring, the coefficient of determination of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid were 0.984 2, 0.983 7, and 0.987 0, the residual predictive deviation (RPD) were 4.77, 5.29, and 4.37; The relative standard errors of prediction (RSEP) were 3.519%, 3.778%, and 3.895%. Conclusion: The models above are proved to fast measure the contents of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid in the concentration of alcohol precipitation proee for AAH and LF in RI.
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Objective:To study the application of statistical process control technology to establish the real-time release criteria of alcohol precipitation process of ArtemisiaeAnnuae Herba and Lonicerae Flos. Methods: Twenty-ninebatches of samples came from alcohol precipitation process of ArtemisiaeAnnuae Herba and Lonicerae Flos were collected as the calibration set. The contents of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and solid content were determined to establish the quantitative real-timerelease criteria based on statistical process control technology. Thirteenbatches of alcohol precipitation process of ArtemisiaeAnnuae Herba and Lonicerae Flos were prepared under the different process conditions by the central composite design. They were regarded as the validation set to test the dependability of the real-time release criteria. Results: The established quantitative release ranges were neochlorogenic acid 0.279-0.541 mg/g, chlorogenic acid 1.941-2.610 mg/g, cryptochlorogenic acid 0.453-0.570 mg/g, and solid content3.565%-4.925%. The four index component contentsof the samples 1, 4, 8, 9, and 10 from the validation set werewithin the range of the real-time release criteria. Conclusion: Univariate statistical process control could be well monitored and understood of production process for Chinses materiamedica.They are used to achieve the purpose of real-time release.
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The present study was designed to determine the relationships between the performance of ethanol precipitation and seven process parameters in the ethanol precipitation process of Re Du Ning Injections, including concentrate density, concentrate temperature, ethanol content, flow rate and stir rate in the addition of ethanol, precipitation time, and precipitation temperature. Under the experimental and simulated production conditions, a series of precipitated resultants were prepared by changing these variables one by one, and then examined by HPLC fingerprint analyses. Different from the traditional evaluation model based on single or a few constituents, the fingerprint data of every parameter fluctuation test was processed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to comprehensively assess the performance of ethanol precipitation. Our results showed that concentrate density, ethanol content, and precipitation time were the most important parameters that influence the recovery of active compounds in precipitation resultants. The present study would provide some reference for pharmaceutical scientists engaged in research on pharmaceutical process optimization and help pharmaceutical enterprises adapt a scientific and reasonable cost-effective approach to ensure the batch-to-batch quality consistency of the final products.
Subject(s)
Chemical Precipitation , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Ethanol , Injections , Principal Component AnalysisABSTRACT
Based on the near infrared spectroscopy, partial least square (PLS) method was used to respectively develop the quantitative calibration models to fast measure the contents of the total solid and ferulic acid in extraction process of Tianshu capsule extracts. The results showed that in the quantitative model of solid content, the correlation coefficients (R²) of calibration set and cross validation set were 0.967 301 and 0.947 726. The root-mean square error of calibration set (RMSEC) was 0.054 7 and root-mean square error of cross validation set (RMSECV) was 0.069 8. Besides, in the quantitative model of ferulic acid, the correlation coefficients (R²) of calibration set and cross validation set were 0.986 879 and 0.962 243. RMSEC was 1.402 6 and RMSECV was 2.400 2. When the established models were applied to on-line monitoring, the correlation coefficients of predicted results and measured values for total solid content and ferulic acid were 0.993 3 and 0.991 6; root-mean square error of predicted value (RMSEP) was 0.039 3 and 1.669 3 respectively; mean relative deviation of predicted value (RSEP) was 3.49% and 3.58%. The results indicated that the established models can be used to fast measure the contents of the total solid and ferulic acid in extraction process of Tianshu capsule extracts.
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To optimize the alcohol precipitation process for Lonicerae Flos and Artemisiae Annuae Herba (LA) in Reduning Injection and obtain the relationship equation of the key process parameters and quality attributes, which could provided a theoretical basis of the control automization in the alcohol precipitation process. With the transfer rates of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenin acid, caffeic acid, secoxyloganin and solid content in precipitation liquid as evaluation indexes, the effect of the seven factors, such as relative density and the temperature of LA in liquid phase before alcohol precipitation, alcohol concentration in the end of alcohol precipitation, stirring speed in alcohol precipitation, adding alcohol speed, standing temperature, and standing time, on the alcohol precipitation process was investigated by the single factor experiment. By analysis of variance, the key factors that could influence the alcohol precipitation process were determined. Then the range of parameters of key factors was further studied and explored by Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The optimum preparation conditions of the alcohol precipitation process of LA were as follows: stirring speed was 550 r/min, adding alcohol speed was 4.0 mL/s, standing temperature was 30℃, standing time was 24 h, alcohol concentration was 75%, the relative density of LA was 1.10, and the temperature of LA was 25℃. Under these conditions, the transfer rates of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and secoxyloganin were 94.8%, 97.6%, 97.4%, 97.2%, and 96.1%, and the solid content was 4.2%. The alcohol precipitation process of LA have been optimized by the response surface method, which could help to enhance the stability of the process.
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AIM@#JS-38 (mitothiolore), a synthetic version of a metabolite isolated from Xenorhabdus sp., was evaluated for its anti-tumor and white blood cell (WBC) elevating activities.@*METHOD@#These anti-proliferative activities were assessed in vitro using a panel of ten cell lines. The anti-tumor activities were tested in vivo using B16 allograft mouse models and xenograft models of A549 human lung carcinoma and QGY human hepatoma in nude mice. The anti-tumor interactions of JS-38 and cyclophosphamide (CTX) or 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) were studied in a S180 sarcoma model in ICR mice. Specific stimulatory effects were determined on peripheral neutrophils in normal and CTX- and 5-Fu-induced neutropenic mice.@*RESULTS@#The IC50 values ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 μmol·L(-1). JS-38 (1 μmol·L(-1)) caused an increase in A549 tumor cell apoptosis. Multi-daily gavage of JS-38 (15, 30, and 60 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) inhibited in vivo tumor progression without a significant effect on body weight. JS-38 additively enhanced the in vivo anti-tumor effects of CTX or 5-Fu. JS-38 increased peripheral neutrophil counts and neutrophil rates in normal BALB/c mice almost as effectively as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). In mice with neutropenia induced by CTX or 5-Fu, JS-38 rapidly restored neutrophil counts.@*CONCLUSION@#These results suggest that JS-38 has anti-tumor activity, and also has the ability to increase peripheral blood neutrophils.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents , Metabolism , Cell Count , Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated , Metabolism , Lung Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred ICR , Neutrophils , Cell Biology , Xenorhabdus , Chemistry , MetabolismABSTRACT
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a kind of rapid process analysis technology has been successfully applied in Chinese medicine pharmaceutical process. In this research, the technology was adopted to establish the rapid quantitative analysis models of main indicators from the Lonicera japonica and Artemisia annua alcohol precipitation process of Reduning injection. On-line NIR spectra of 142 samples from alcohol precipitation process were collected and the content of main indicators for each sample were detected through off-line HPLC. With eliminating outliers, determination of spectra pretreatment method and selecting optimal band, the NIR quantitative calibration model for each indicator was established using partial least squares (PLS). These models were used to predict the unknown samples from precipitation process of Reduning injection to achieve the goal of rapid detection. The results showed that the models were ideal. The correlation coefficients of models for neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and secoxyloganin were 0.973 872, 0.985 449, 0.975 509 and 0.979 790, respectively and their relative standard errors of prediction (RSEP) were 2.922 49%, 2.341 37%, 2.930 40% and 2.184 60%, respectively. This study indicated that the NIR quantitative calibration model showed good stability and precision, and it can be used in rapid quantitative detection of main indicators of efficacy in order to on-line monitor the alcohol precipitation process of Reduning injection.
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Chemical Precipitation , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Ethanol , Chemistry , Lonicera , Chemistry , Quality Control , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared , MethodsABSTRACT
To study the impact of five different origin processing methods, namely natural drying, drying in baking shop, drying by microwave heating, drying in drum and drying with sulphur fumigation, on the quality of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from Donghai cultivation base in Jiangsu Province, with the contents of chlorogenic acid and galuteolin and the similarity in HPLC fingerprints as the evaluation indicators. The results showed that different origin processing methods had significant impact on the content of chlorogenic acid and the similarity in HPLC fingerprints, but with no significant difference on the content of galuteolin. By means of drying by microwave heating and drying in drum, the samples showed higher contents of chlorogenic acid, respectively 3.67% and 3.39%. The similarities of HPLC fingerprints were 0.815 and 0.793, respectively. By means of the drying in baking shop and the drying with sulphur fumigation, the contents of chlorogenic acid in the samples were 2. 87% and 2. 53% , respectively. The similarities of HPLC fingerprints were 0.964 and 0.765, respectively. The lowest content of chlorogenic acid in naturally dried samples was 1.92%. The similarity of HPLC fingerprints was 0.940. According to the findings as well as the internal control standards for Lonicerae Japonicae Flos herbs of Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. , Ltd. , the optimum processing method for Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from Donghai cultivation base was the drying in baking shop. This study provided a theoretical basis for determining the processing method for Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from Donghai cultivation base of Jiangsu Province.
Subject(s)
China , Desiccation , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Lonicera , Chemistry , Quality ControlABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Groundwater is believed to possess many beneficial effects due to its natural source of various minerals. In this study, we examined the effects of natural Jeju groundwater S1 (Samdasoo(TM)), S2 and S3 pumped up from different locations of Jeju Island, Korea, along with local tap water, on body weight gain, serum lipids and lipoproteins, and liver histopathology in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups. Different water samples were supplied to the hyperlipidemic rats as their daily drinking water and the widely-used anti-hyperlipidemic drug simvastatin was used as a positive control. Body weight, serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured weekly. Liver weight, liver index and liver histopathology were examined after the execution of the rats. RESULTS: After drinking Jeju groundwaters for two months, S2 but not S3 significantly reduced weight growth and serum triglycerides levels and increased high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) without affecting total cholesterol or LDL-C. S1 and particularly S2 significantly reduced the severity of liver hypertrophy and steatosis. All Groundwaters had much higher contents of vanadium (S3>S2>S1>>tap water) whereas S1 and S2 but not S3 markedly blocked autoxidation of ferrous ions. CONCLUSION: Jeju Groundwater S1 and particularly S2 exhibit protective effects against hyperlipidemia and fatty liver and hypothesize that the beneficial effect of Jeju Groundwaters may be contributed from blockade of autoxidation of ferrous ions rather than their high contents of vanadium.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Body Weight , Cholesterol , Drinking , Drinking Water , Fatty Liver , Groundwater , Hyperlipidemias , Hypertrophy , Ions , Korea , Lipid Metabolism , Lipoproteins , Liver , Minerals , Simvastatin , Triglycerides , Vanadium , WaterABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy after major abdominal surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 10 patients with Wernicke encephalopathy after major abdominal surgery in the Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from 2000 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Wernicke encephalopathy occurred during 5 to 36 days (mean 22.9 days) after surgery. The main symptoms included vertigo, vagueness, blurred vision, and gait incoordination. MRI showed bilaterally symmetrical enhancement of T1 and T2 signal in thalamus, third ventricle, lateral ventricle and periaqueductal region. With treatment of vitamin B1, 6 patients were completely recovered, and 2 partly recovered, but 2 died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Surgeons should be aware of Wernicke encephalopathy when treating patients undergoing major abdominal operation who need prolonged fasting postoperatively. Early detection and timely supplement of vitamin B1 can avoid irreversible brain damage.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Wernicke EncephalopathyABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the ultrafiltration effect of polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane and polysulfone plate ultrafiltration membrane with relative molecular weight by different cut-off on the decarburization fluid of Reduning Injection. Methods: The transfer rates of chlorogenic acid and geniposide, fingerprint similarity, and removal of bacterial endotoxin, protein, oxalate, and resin before and after ultrafiltration were used as inspect indicators to optimize the purification technology for the decarburization fluid of Reduning Injection. Results: The obvious effect of polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane with the relative molecular weight 10000 on oxalate and resin in the decarburization fluid of Reduning Injection was observed. Bacterial endotoxin (100%) in the decarburization fluid of Reduning Injection was removed by the polysulfone plate ultrafiltration membrane with the relative molecular weight 5000. Conclusion: The stability and the preparation safety of Reduning Injection could be ensured by the two stage combination of the ultrafiltration membrane technology.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Assessment of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is important in early gastric cancer (EGC) and affects treatment decisions. However, the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and LNM in EGC remains unclear. This study therefore explored favorable predictors of LNM in EGC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 716 specimens from gastric cancer patients who underwent curative gastrectomy between 1996 and 2003 at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital were reviewed. Forty-five cases were EGC, and clinicopathological characteristics such as gender, age, tumor size, location, gross type, differentiation, invasion depth, and vessel involvement were assessed to identify predictive factors for LNM and survival time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall cumulative 5-year survival rate of EGC patients was 88.92%. Among these, 22.4% developed LNM, which was associated with a poor 5-year survival rate of only 72.7%. Patients with tumors larger than 2 cm in diameters, with depth of tumor invasion to the submucosa, and with positive lymphatic or nerve involvement were also inclined to have poorer survival performances. EGC limited to the mucosa but poorly differentiated also had a high risk for LNM. Multivariate analysis identified lymphatic invasion and tumor size as independent prognosis factors related to survival in EGC patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Careful planning is required in EGC patients at high risk of lymph node metastases. Endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection and laparoscopic partial gastrectomy should be cautiously used in EGC, and curative gastrectomy including lymphatic dissection and postoperative adjuvant therapy might be considered to improve the prognosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Gastrectomy , Lymph Node Excision , Lymphatic Metastasis , Stomach Neoplasms , Mortality , General Surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and surgical resection is currently the only possible curative approach. Duodenal stump leakage is the most serious complication after radical gastrectomy, and optimal treatment is still lacking.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed 2034 cases of total or subtotal gastrectomy for GC from January 1995 to December 2009, including 465 cases of duodenal stump closure using purse-string suture (group A), 835 cases of duodenal stump treated with linear cutting stapler and seromuscular layer suture (group B), and 734 cases of duodenal stump closure using full-thickness and seromuscular layer suture (group C). We evaluated the surgical cost, operative time for duodenal stump closure, short-term postoperative complications, perioperative blood loss, and postoperative recovery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no perioperative mortality in any group. Ninety-four postoperative (within 1 month) complications occurred: 18 abdominal bleeding, 14 anastomotic leakage, 15 abdominal infection, 36 wound infection, and 11 duodenal stump leakage. There was no significant difference among the groups in intra-abdominal hemorrhage, anastomotic leakage, abdominal infection and wound infection. No postoperative duodenal stump leakage occurred in group A, which had a significant difference compared with groups B and C (6 cases in group B and 5 cases in group C suffered duodenal stump leakage. P < 0.01). The surgical cost in groups A and C was significantly lower than in group B (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between groups A and C. The processing time for duodenal stump closure in groups A and B was significantly shorter than in group C (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between groups A and B. There was no significant difference in blood loss and postoperative recovery among the groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Duodenal stump closure using purse-string suture seems to be a promising approach with shorter operative time, and lower cost and incidence of duodenal stump leakage in radical gastrectomy.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Gastrectomy , Methods , Gastric Stump , General Surgery , Postoperative Complications , General Surgery , Retrospective Studies , SuturesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of antisense oligonucleotide specific to K-ras point mutation on human pancreatic carcinoma cell PC-2 in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human pancreatic carcinoma cell PC-2 was transducted with antisense oligonucleotide specific to K-ras point mutation by liposome; the expression of target gene was studied with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The effect on cell proliferation was studied by artificial count, MTT and mass test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression degree of ras protein and K-ras mRNA transducted with antisense oligonucleotide decreased apparently compared with control group and sense oligonucleotide group 48 h after tansduction. The inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was confirmed by artificial count, MTT and mass test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Antisense oligonucleotide specific to K-ras point mutation has an apparent inhibitory effect on target gene expression and cell proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma cell in vitro.</p>